| Inventario Nacional de
Emisiones Gases de Efecto Invernadero, 2011-2012 |
| (Gg de CO2e) |
| Categoría de emisión |
2011 |
2012 |
| CO2 |
CH4 |
N2O |
HFCs |
PFCs |
SF6 |
Total |
CO2 |
CH4 |
N2O |
HFCs |
PFCs |
SF6 |
Total |
| Energía |
460,180.518 |
43,017.381 |
1,216.540 |
|
|
|
504,414.440 |
462,014.401 |
37,473.742 |
1,191.034 |
|
|
|
500,679.177 |
| Consumo de Combustibles fósiles |
445,125.065 |
2,442.293 |
1,190.580 |
|
|
|
448,757.938 |
450,923.761 |
2,431.707 |
1,178.483 |
|
|
|
454,533.950 |
| Industria generadora de energía |
179,915.408 |
233.143 |
270.537 |
|
|
|
180,419.088 |
184,347.323 |
235.902 |
266.436 |
|
|
|
184,849.661 |
| Producción de electricidad en el sector público |
127,616.932 |
196.664 |
224.999 |
|
|
|
128,038.595 |
129,856.179 |
197.930 |
221.472 |
|
|
|
130,275.582 |
| Refinación de petróleo |
50,884.670 |
36.180 |
39.072 |
|
|
|
50,959.922 |
53,047.899 |
37.667 |
38.363 |
|
|
|
53,123.929 |
| Manufactura de combustibles sólidos |
1,413.807 |
0.299 |
6.466 |
|
|
|
1,420.571 |
1,443.244 |
0.305 |
6.601 |
|
|
|
1,450.150 |
| Manufactura e industria de la construcción |
72,806.756 |
89.476 |
146.396 |
|
|
|
73,042.628 |
74,047.104 |
90.523 |
136.732 |
|
|
|
74,274.359 |
| Siderurgia |
7,314.445 |
5.029 |
5.577 |
|
|
|
7,325.051 |
7,271.625 |
5.004 |
5.595 |
|
|
|
7,282.224 |
| Metales no ferrosos |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
0.000 |
| Química, petroquímica y fertilizantes |
9,796.612 |
6.248 |
6.243 |
|
|
|
9,809.104 |
10,096.265 |
6.312 |
6.295 |
|
|
|
10,108.871 |
| Celulosa y papel |
1,998.195 |
1.428 |
1.872 |
|
|
|
2,001.495 |
2,105.172 |
1.500 |
1.823 |
|
|
|
2,108.495 |
| Procesamiento de alimentos, bebidas y tabaco |
1,372.228 |
33.031 |
42.570 |
|
|
|
1,447.829 |
1,419.924 |
32.196 |
41.457 |
|
|
|
1,493.577 |
| Cemento |
8,644.960 |
2.517 |
8.894 |
|
|
|
8,656.371 |
10,131.092 |
2.986 |
9.987 |
|
|
|
10,144.065 |
| Construcción |
725.613 |
0.554 |
1.573 |
|
|
|
727.740 |
837.108 |
0.639 |
1.815 |
|
|
|
839.562 |
| Minería de minerales metálicos y no metálicos |
1,846.089 |
1.417 |
3.261 |
|
|
|
1,850.767 |
1,900.501 |
1.456 |
3.339 |
|
|
|
1,905.295 |
| Fabricación de automóviles y camiones |
301.664 |
0.225 |
0.336 |
|
|
|
302.224 |
336.410 |
0.249 |
0.358 |
|
|
|
337.017 |
| Fabricación de productos de hule |
381.570 |
0.277 |
0.424 |
|
|
|
382.271 |
419.142 |
0.303 |
0.445 |
|
|
|
419.891 |
| Vidrio |
2,761.157 |
1.948 |
1.681 |
|
|
|
2,764.786 |
2,916.816 |
2.057 |
1.777 |
|
|
|
2,920.650 |
| Otras ramas |
25,527.999 |
12.734 |
69.244 |
|
|
|
25,609.977 |
23,507.222 |
12.371 |
58.904 |
|
|
|
23,578.498 |
| Autogeneración de energía eléctrica |
12,136.223 |
24.068 |
4.721 |
|
|
|
12,165.012 |
13,105.826 |
25.449 |
4.938 |
|
|
|
13,136.213 |
| Transporte |
159,522.112 |
614.254 |
418.869 |
|
|
|
160,555.234 |
159,246.853 |
606.607 |
420.869 |
|
|
|
160,274.329 |
| Aviación |
8,257.695 |
10.925 |
74.559 |
|
|
|
8,343.179 |
8,670.927 |
11.238 |
78.189 |
|
|
|
8,760.354 |
| Autotransporte |
146,648.199 |
594.524 |
334.311 |
|
|
|
147,577.034 |
146,352.711 |
587.307 |
333.525 |
|
|
|
147,273.543 |
| Ferroviario |
2,096.492 |
4.003 |
4.546 |
|
|
|
2,105.041 |
1,922.538 |
3.671 |
4.169 |
|
|
|
1,930.378 |
| Marítimo |
2,519.726 |
4.802 |
5.453 |
|
|
|
2,529.981 |
2,300.678 |
4.390 |
4.986 |
|
|
|
2,310.054 |
| Otros sectores |
32,880.789 |
1,505.420 |
354.778 |
|
|
|
34,740.988 |
33,282.481 |
1,498.676 |
354.445 |
|
|
|
35,135.602 |
| Comercial |
4,698.223 |
17.695 |
16.133 |
|
|
|
4,732.051 |
4,632.924 |
17.243 |
16.232 |
|
|
|
4,666.399 |
| Residencial |
19,673.981 |
1,454.958 |
320.038 |
|
|
|
21,448.977 |
19,838.256 |
1,447.521 |
318.957 |
|
|
|
21,604.734 |
| Agropecuario |
8,508.585 |
32.767 |
18.607 |
|
|
|
8,559.959 |
8,811.301 |
33.911 |
19.257 |
|
|
|
8,864.469 |
| Emisiones fugitivas de combustibles |
15,055.453 |
40,575.088 |
25.960 |
|
|
|
55,656.502 |
11,090.640 |
35,042.035 |
12.552 |
|
|
|
46,145.227 |
| Combustibles sólidos |
0.000 |
11,061.722 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
11,061.722 |
0.000 |
9,291.478 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
9,291.478 |
| Minería de carbón |
|
11,061.722 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
9,291.478 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
| Minas subterráneas |
|
10,927.899 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,158.261 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Minas a cielo abierto (en superficie) |
|
133.823 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
133.218 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Petróleo y gas natural |
15,055.453 |
29,513.366 |
25.960 |
|
|
|
|
11,090.640 |
25,750.557 |
12.552 |
|
|
|
|
| Petróleo |
13,225.073 |
20,289.188 |
25.563 |
|
|
|
|
9,313.988 |
16,420.693 |
12.167 |
|
|
|
|
| Gas natural |
1,830.380 |
9,224.179 |
0.397 |
|
|
|
11,054.956 |
1,776.652 |
9,329.864 |
0.385 |
|
|
|
11,106.901 |
| Procesos Industriales |
41,313.956 |
102.206 |
136.359 |
16,389.530 |
|
165.356 |
58,107.406 |
42,108.507 |
92.410 |
143.444 |
14,893.386 |
0.000 |
170.846 |
57,408.592 |
| Industria de los minerales |
32,440.968 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
32,440.968 |
32,831.898 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
|
|
|
32,831.898 |
| Producción de cemento |
20,215.285 |
|
|
|
|
|
20,215.285 |
20,770.330 |
|
|
|
|
|
20,770.330 |
| Producción de cal |
3,189.909 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,189.909 |
3,382.674 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,382.674 |
| Uso de caliza y dolomita |
8,915.425 |
|
|
|
|
|
8,915.425 |
8,558.544 |
|
|
|
|
|
8,558.544 |
| Producción y uso de carbonato de sodio |
120.350 |
|
|
|
|
|
120.350 |
120.350 |
|
|
|
|
|
120.350 |
| Industria química |
1,300.500 |
102.206 |
136.359 |
|
|
|
1,539.064 |
1,408.500 |
92.410 |
143.444 |
|
|
|
1,644.354 |
| Producción de amoniaco |
1,300.500 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,300.500 |
1,408.500 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,408.500 |
| Producción de ácido nítrico |
|
|
136.359 |
|
|
|
136.359 |
|
|
143.444 |
|
|
|
143.444 |
| Producción de ácido adípico |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
| Producción de carburos |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
| Otros químicos |
|
102.206 |
|
|
|
|
102.206 |
|
92.410 |
|
|
|
|
92.410 |
| Industria de los metales |
7,572.487 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
7,572.487 |
7,868.109 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
|
|
0.000 |
7,868.109 |
| Producción de hierro y acero |
7,218.213 |
|
|
|
|
|
7,218.213 |
7,520.104 |
|
|
|
|
|
7,520.104 |
| Producción de ferroaleaciones |
354.274 |
|
|
|
|
|
354.274 |
348.005 |
|
|
|
|
|
348.005 |
| Producción de aluminio |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
| Producción de halocarbonos y hexafluoruro de azufre |
|
|
|
3,867.104 |
|
|
3,867.104 |
|
|
|
2,576.978 |
|
|
2,576.978 |
| Consumo de halocarbonos y hexafluoruro de azufre |
|
|
|
12,522.427 |
|
165.356 |
12,687.783 |
|
|
|
12,316.408 |
|
170.846 |
12,487.254 |
| Agricultura |
0.000 |
55,276.945 |
24,399.933 |
|
|
|
79,676.878 |
0.000 |
53,951.561 |
24,969.268 |
|
|
|
78,920.829 |
| Fermentación entérica |
0.000 |
52,033.00 |
|
|
|
|
52,032.998 |
0.000 |
50,594.74 |
|
|
|
|
50,594.743 |
| Bovinos |
|
48,590.78 |
|
|
|
|
48,590.779 |
|
47,226.60 |
|
|
|
|
47,226.605 |
| Bovinos lecheros |
|
6,670.84 |
|
|
|
|
6,670.840 |
|
6,716.19 |
|
|
|
|
6,716.189 |
| Bovinos no lecheros |
|
41,919.94 |
|
|
|
|
41,919.938 |
|
40,510.42 |
|
|
|
|
40,510.416 |
| Ovinos |
|
1,150.71 |
|
|
|
|
1,150.714 |
|
1,176.83 |
|
|
|
|
1,176.826 |
| Caprinos |
|
1,260.61 |
|
|
|
|
1,260.613 |
|
1,224.15 |
|
|
|
|
1,224.153 |
| Equinos |
|
595.57 |
|
|
|
|
595.569 |
|
523.14 |
|
|
|
|
523.138 |
| Porcinos |
|
435.32 |
|
|
|
|
435.323 |
|
444.02 |
|
|
|
|
444.021 |
| Manejo de estiércol |
0.000 |
2,128.37 |
2,339.94 |
|
|
|
4,468.315 |
0.000 |
2,122.42 |
2,356.25 |
|
|
|
4,478.674 |
| Bovinos |
0.000 |
889.88 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
889.880 |
0.000 |
861.34 |
0.00 |
|
|
|
861.340 |
| Bovinos lecheros |
|
34.37 |
|
|
|
|
34.371 |
|
34.60 |
|
|
|
|
34.597 |
| Bovinos no lecheros |
|
855.51 |
|
|
|
|
855.509 |
|
826.74 |
|
|
|
|
826.743 |
| Ovinos |
|
37.93 |
|
|
|
|
37.928 |
|
38.79 |
|
|
|
|
38.789 |
| Caprinos |
|
42.87 |
|
|
|
|
42.872 |
|
41.63 |
|
|
|
|
41.632 |
| Equinos |
|
55.81 |
|
|
|
|
55.812 |
|
49.04 |
|
|
|
|
49.040 |
| Porcinos |
|
834.11 |
|
|
|
|
834.106 |
|
860.45 |
|
|
|
|
860.454 |
| Aves de corral |
|
267.77 |
|
|
|
|
267.773 |
|
271.17 |
|
|
|
|
271.166 |
| Sistemas líquidos |
|
|
12.43 |
|
|
|
12.431 |
|
0.00 |
12.68 |
|
|
|
12.679 |
| Almacenamiento sólido |
|
|
1,939.92 |
|
|
|
1,939.923 |
|
0.00 |
1,952.62 |
|
|
|
1,952.617 |
| Otros |
|
|
387.59 |
|
|
|
387.588 |
|
0.00 |
390.96 |
|
|
|
390.956 |
| Cultivo de arroz |
|
254.36 |
|
|
|
|
254.362 |
|
227.50 |
|
|
|
|
227.499 |
| Manejo de suelos agrícolas |
|
|
21,834.52 |
|
|
|
21,834.524 |
|
|
22,338.81 |
|
|
|
22,338.807 |
| Emisiones Directas |
|
|
17,381.19 |
|
|
|
17,381.187 |
|
|
17,874.70 |
|
|
|
17,874.703 |
| Fertilizantes sintéticos nitrogenados |
|
|
5,471.87 |
|
|
|
5,471.871 |
|
|
5,626.47 |
|
|
|
5,626.471 |
| Fijación biológica de nitrógeno |
|
|
702.79 |
|
|
|
702.794 |
|
|
762.83 |
|
|
|
762.829 |
| Descomposición de residuos agrícolas |
|
|
1,995.77 |
|
|
|
1,995.766 |
|
|
2,332.37 |
|
|
|
2,332.374 |
| Aplicación de abonos de origen animal |
|
|
1,520.57 |
|
|
|
1,520.570 |
|
|
1,625.42 |
|
|
|
1,625.422 |
| Excretas de animales en pastoreo |
|
|
7,690.19 |
|
|
|
7,690.186 |
|
|
7,527.61 |
|
|
|
7,527.608 |
| Emisiones Indirectas |
0.000 |
|
4,453.34 |
|
|
|
4,453.336 |
0.000 |
|
4,464.10 |
|
|
|
4,464.105 |
| Volatilización/Deposición |
|
|
1,933.43 |
|
|
|
1,933.427 |
|
|
1,932.20 |
|
|
|
1,932.196 |
| Lixiviación/Escorrentía |
|
|
2,519.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,531.91 |
|
|
|
|
| Quema en
campo de residuos agrícolas pre- y post-cosecha |
|
861.21 |
225.47 |
|
|
|
1,086.680 |
|
1,006.90 |
274.21 |
|
|
|
1,281.106 |
| Uso del Suelo, Cambio de Uso del Suelo y Silvicultura |
50,920.600 |
2,974.202 |
991.039 |
|
|
|
54,885.841 |
30,850.298 |
756.020 |
271.048 |
|
|
|
31,877.367 |
| Tierras Convertidas a Tierras Forestales |
-12,582.748 |
|
|
|
|
|
-12,582.748 |
-12,582.748 |
|
|
|
|
|
-12,582.748 |
| Tierras Convertidas a Pastizales |
28,877.565 |
|
|
|
|
|
28,877.565 |
28,877.565 |
|
|
|
|
|
28,877.565 |
| Tierras Convertidas a Tierras Agricolas |
4,425.855 |
|
|
|
|
|
4,425.855 |
4,425.855 |
|
|
|
|
|
4,425.855 |
| Tierras Convertidas a Asentamientos |
783.931 |
|
|
|
|
|
783.931 |
783.931 |
|
|
|
|
|
783.931 |
| Tierras Convertidas a Otras tierras |
1,306.179 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,306.179 |
1,306.179 |
|
|
|
|
|
1,306.179 |
| Incendios |
28,109.818 |
2,974.202 |
991.039 |
|
|
|
32,075.060 |
8,039.517 |
756.020 |
271.048 |
|
|
|
9,066.586 |
| Desechos |
652.876 |
35,263.077 |
1,956.340 |
|
|
|
37,872.293 |
659.453 |
35,349.101 |
1,972.681 |
|
|
|
37,981.235 |
| Eliminación de desechos sólidos |
|
16,945.891 |
|
|
|
|
16,945.891 |
|
18,241.540 |
|
|
|
|
18,241.540 |
| Tratamiento biológico de los desechos sólidos |
|
124.831 |
88.608 |
|
|
|
213.439 |
|
116.654 |
82.804 |
|
|
|
199.458 |
| Incineración e incineración abierta de desechos |
652.876 |
593.856 |
132.779 |
|
|
|
1,379.512 |
659.453 |
600.895 |
134.364 |
|
|
|
1,394.712 |
| Quema a cielo abierto de
residuos |
493.586 |
593.523 |
129.629 |
|
|
|
|
499.432 |
600.557 |
131.166 |
|
|
|
|
| Incineración de RPBI y
RPI |
159.290 |
0.333 |
3.150 |
|
|
|
|
160.021 |
0.338 |
3.199 |
|
|
|
|
| Tratamiento y eliminación de aguas residuales |
0.000 |
17,598.498 |
1,734.953 |
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
16,390.012 |
1,755.513 |
|
|
|
|
| Tratamiento y
eliminación de aguas residuales domésticas |
|
5,373.966 |
1,734.953 |
|
|
|
7,108.919 |
|
5,428.567 |
1,755.513 |
|
|
|
7,184.079 |
| Tratamiento y
eliminación de aguas residuales industriales |
|
12,224.532 |
|
|
|
|
12,224.532 |
|
10,961.446 |
|
|
|
|
10,961.446 |
| Total de emisiones nacionales |
553,067.950 |
136,633.811 |
28,700.211 |
16,389.530 |
0.000 |
165.356 |
734,956.859 |
535,632.659 |
127,622.834 |
28,547.475 |
14,893.386 |
0.000 |
170.846 |
706,867.201 |
| Información adicional del Inventario |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Bunkers |
3,090.830 |
14.250 |
20.843 |
|
|
|
3,125.924 |
3,240.096 |
14.752 |
21.990 |
|
|
|
3,276.837 |
| Aviación internacional |
2,985.811 |
14.050 |
20.616 |
|
|
|
3,020.477 |
3,144.206 |
14.569 |
21.782 |
|
|
|
3,180.557 |
| Matítimo internacional |
105.019 |
0.200 |
0.227 |
|
|
|
105.447 |
95.890 |
0.183 |
0.208 |
|
|
|
96.281 |
| Permanencia USCUSS |
-172,997.611 |
|
|
|
|
|
-172,997.611 |
-172,997.611 |
|
|
|
|
|
-172,997.611 |
| Tierras forestales que permanecen como tierras forestales |
-150,232.247 |
|
|
|
|
|
-150,232.247 |
-150,232.247 |
|
|
|
|
|
-150,232.247 |
| Pastizales que permanecen como Pastizales |
-21,672.099 |
|
|
|
|
|
-21,672.099 |
-21,672.099 |
|
|
|
|
|
-21,672.099 |
| Tierras Agricolas que permanecen como Tierras Agricolas |
-1,093.266 |
|
|
|
|
|
-1,093.266 |
-1,093.266 |
|
|
|
|
|
-1,093.266 |
| Emisiones de CO2 por quema de biomasa |
37,695.297 |
|
|
|
|
|
37,695.297 |
38,010.213 |
|
|
|
|
|
38,010.213 |
| |
|
|
| Emisiones Netas (Emisiones totales + Absorciones por
permanencias) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
561,959.248 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
533,869.590 |
| NOTAS |
|
|
|
|
|
Se presentan aproximaciones de las emisiones de los años 2011 y
2012 siguiendo la clasificación del IPCC pero usando fuentes de información
como las empleadas en el Inventario de Emisiones de Gases y Compuestos de
Efecto Invernadero 2013. Por ello, las categorías de emisión que se presentan
no coinciden exactamente con las utilizadas anteriormente en los Inventarios
Nacionales de Gases de Efecto Invernadero 1990-2010. Debe señalarse también
que la clasificación seguida aquí es distinta a la del Inventario 2013 antes
mencionado.
|
| Las emisiones de Bunkers, la captura de emisiones por
permanencia en USCUSS (Uso del Suelo, Cambio de Uso del Suelo y Silvicultura)
y las emisiones de CO2 por la quema de Biomasa no se encuentran contabilizadas en
el total de emisiones nacionales. |
| FUENTES |
|
|
|
|
|
| Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático, Coordinación
General de Cambio Climático y Desarrollo Bajo en Carbono, Abril, 2016. |
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